Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Nine Different Seasonal Flowers Growing in Selected Region of Pakistan

Seasonal flowers contribute in the attraction and fragrances of volatile compounds. These flowers volatiles also contribute in the protection of plants from different diseases. The current study was aimed to analyze and identify the flowers volatile from seasonal flowers grown in Hazara. For this purpose a comparative study of volatile compounds from aqueous fractions of nine different seasonal flowers in terms of qualitative and quantitative composition was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The mass spectrum of unknown compounds was identified by comparing the mass spectrum of known compounds using NIST 5 library search program and available standards library. Total 67 compounds were identified belongs to different classes of organic compounds i.e esters, fatty acyls, terpenoid, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. 10 compounds were identified in Veronica chamaedrys, 12 in Ligustrum sinense, 11 in Ixora coccinea, 11 in Gazania rigens, 11 in Ligustrum lucidum, 14 in Amaryllis belladonna, 8 in Plantago lanceolata, 15 in Rosa indica and 26 in Callistemon viminalis. The main compounds in nine different seasonal flowers were mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 6-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, beta cubebene, caryophyllen, phenylethyl alcohol, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-, bicyclo[2.2,1]heptane-1 carboxylic acid, 7,7,dimethyl-2-oxo-, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-, γ.-sitosterol, methyl gallate, pyrogallol, α-linolenic acid, 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, lupeol, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-, 1,2-benzenediol, β.-sitosterol, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 1-heptacosanol, spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3,14,20,22 β.,5. α, 25R)-, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-, eucalyptol, spiro[4,5]decan-7-one,1,8-dimethyl-8,9-epoxy-4-isopropyl.. Some compounds were detected in all nine flowers such as mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The concentration of this compound was more in Veronica chamaedrys (28.851%) and on the other hand having fewer amounts in flower Ixora coccinea (0.218%) and some compounds identified only in one flower such as caryophyllene. Most of the compounds were present in all selected flower while there were also some unique compounds which were present in one flower while absent in other. It shows that specific properties of flower associated with these unique compounds. Similarly, identified compounds suggested their role in the field of medicines and pharmaceutical sciences which need further investigations.