Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Karakterisasi Cendawan Blas Pyricularia oryzae Hasil Rejuvenasi

<p>Isolation, Identificaton, and Charaterization of Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Derived from Rejuvenation. Puji Lestari, Wawan, Tri P. Priyatno, Wening Enggarini, Reflinur, and Yadi Suryadi. Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae (Po) is one of the important diseases on rice crop in Indonesia. This study was aimed at obtaining blast fungus pathogen rejuvenated from preserved seed origin, agar medium and rice leaf tissue. In addition, we identified blast isolates for long-term storage collection, and characterized isolates towards their specific locus of genes virulence. The results revealed that 22.7% isolates stored in agar media produced a typical mycelium of Po. The specificity of total genomic DNA banding pattern of isolates which were analyzed using specific primers encoding virulence genes of Cut1, Erg2, and Pwl2, showed six haplotypes consist of B-001 (1 isolate), C-011 (1 isolate), D-111 (8 isolate), F-110 (1 isolate), G-100 (3 isolate), and H-101 (2 isolate). None of haplotypes A-000 and E-010 were found among the isolates studied. In regard to its pathogenicity, the majority of Po fungal isolates had Cut1, Pwl2, and Erg2 genes. Among the total isolates of the Po fungus, the greatest proportion of genes were Pwl2 (87.5%) followed by Cut1 (75%) and Erg2 (62.4%) genes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penyakit blas yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Pyricularia oryzae (Po) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada pertanaman padi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan cendawan patogen blas yang berasal dari hasil rejuvenasi simpanan benih, media agar, dan jaringan daun padi. Selain itu, identifikasi koleksi isolat blas yang ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang dan karakterisasi kespesifikan tiap isolat terhadap lokus spesifik gen virulensi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan 22,7% isolat yang tersimpan dalam media agar masih menunjukkan tipikal miselium Po. Kespesifikan pola pita DNA genomik total isolat yang dianalisis berdasarkan primer penyandi gen spesifik virulensi Cut1, Erg2, dan Pwl2, diperoleh sebanyak enam haplotipe meliputi B-001 (1 isolat), C-011 (1 isolat), D-111 (8 isolat), F-110 (1 isolat), G-100 (3 isolat), dan H-101 (2 isolat). Tidak ditemukan haplotipe A-000 dan E-010 pada isolat Po yang dianalisis. Dalam hubungannnya dengan patogenisitas, mayoritas cendawan Po mempunyai gen Cut1, Pwl2, dan Erg2. Di antara total isolat cendawan Po, gen yang paling besar ditemukan proporsinya adalah gen Pwl2 (87,5%) diikuti Cut1 (75%) dan Erg2 (62,4%).</p>