Studies on Effect of Different Concentrations and Combinations of Plant Growth Regulators on Induction of Callus and Micropropagation of Physalis Angulata, an Important Medicinal Herb

In the present study experiments were done to select best concentrations and combinations of BAP, KN, NAA and 2,4-D for induction of callus, generation of microshoots and rooting in the tissue culture raised plantlets in Physalis angulata an important medicinal herb. The combinations and concentrations used for callus induction were (BAP, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 mg/l + 2,4-D 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) respectively. For regeneration of shoots from the nodal explant, the combinations and concentrations used were (BAP, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mg/l, KN, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l, NAA 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l) respectively. From the table-1 (Graph-1), it may be noted that highest percentage of response for callusing was in the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, which was 58.64, when 0.25 mg/l BAP alone was supplemented in MS medium the percentage of response for callusing was the lowest which was 14.62 only. Similarly, highest percentage of response for microshoots generation in the nodal explants was in MS+ 2.0 mg/l BAP+ 1.0 mg/l KN+ 1.0 mg/l NAA which was 79.30. In this medium, the number of shoots per explant was also the highest that was 13.8 respectively. When BAP alone was supplemented in MS medium at 1.0 mg/l the percentage response was 63.50 and number of shoots 8.7. When the concentration of BAP was increased from 2.0 mg/l there was gradual reduction in the percentage response for microshoots regeneration on the nodal explants. This was also true for KN and NAA as MS + 4.0 mg/l BAP + 3.0 mg/l KN + 3.0 mg/l NAA the percentage of response for microshoots regeneration on nodal explants was only 52.80 and number of shoots was 8.2 respectively. Well grown microshoots were cultured in rooting medium which was supplemented with different concentrations of NAA, IBA and IAA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mg/l). It was noted that maximum percentage of response for rooting was observed in MS + 3.0 mg/l IBA which was 88.7 and the mean root number was 5.8 and the mean length was 3.4 cm respectively. In case NAA and IAA the higher response for rooting was in MS+ 2.0 mg/l NAA (76.8) and MS+ 2.0 mg/l IAA (82.7). The number and length of the branches were also higher in above medium.