Sociologia del Dissenso

The theme of this article is epistemological: Defining the logical and epistemological statute of Dissent as a sociological act ofinnovation and change in international law by social groups in opposition to the establishment, sovereign states and theirgeopolitical alliances. The sociological theory of the loop as an object of study and ontological unity is, therefore, applied to thecase of Dissent, to try to explain the paradox of this social function that makes its way, every day, in a world originally dominatedby the Force (of military, police, hooliganism, terrorist, antisocial nature, etc.). We try to answer the problem of how Dissent(political-democratic, human rights, civil disobedience, etc.) can be a practice of peaceful contrast to violence and the Force,which can even create such beautiful and fragile buildings as state law, international law, human rights and peace itself. In doingso, it is assumed that international human rights regimes cooperate with Dissent (operating within them, and viceversa) toimpose international legal obligations, in the field of human rights, which are fully effective and sanctioned, even in the absenceof a police and/or centralized jurisdiction and/or a deterrent system of military sanctions. This concurrent, complementary andquasi-collaborative activity with the States, on the one hand, challenges the "local and nationalized" Force, on the other, "tosome extent", follows a "loop" logic making use of them.The conjecture formulated by this article is that the sociological theory of the loop, applied to the case of dissent, can explainthe paradox of dissent (political-democratic, in human rights, in civil disobedience, etc.). Indeed, it is aporetic how peacefulpractice can contribute to establishing international law, human rights and peace itself without being Force and violence itself.The aporia would be resolved, by conjecture, by arguing that Dissent "is" Strength to a certain extent, that is, that it is logicallyand ontologically "vague" related to the practice of States and by asserting that the International Regimes of Human Rights aresketches of the future international law (or the future legal systems of the Sovereign States or their, for now, unknown successor).Such an outcome, however, requires a reformulation of the implicit presuppositions of the sociology of Dissent, affecting itslogical and ontological foundations, with a new thesis of deontic logic, which resorts to an attenuation of the principle of non contradiction,in the particular field of praxis of Dissent. This allows us to conceptualize the ontological and logical theory thatDissent would be "almost" an act of Force.