Detection of acne by deep learning object detection

AbstractImportanceState-of-the art performance is achieved with a deep learning object detection model for acne detection. There is little current research on object detection in dermatology and acne in particular. As such, this work is early in this field and achieves state of the art performance.ObjectiveTrain an object detection model on a publicly available data set of acne photos.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA deep learning model is trained with cross validation on a data set of facial acne photos.Main Outcomes and MeasuresObject detection models for detecting acne for single-class (acne) and multi-class (four severity levels). We train and evaluate the models using standard metrics such as mean average precision (mAP). Then we manually evaluate the model predictions on the test set, and calculate accuracy in terms of precision, recall, F1, true and false positive and negative detections.ResultsWe achieve state-of-the art mean average precision mAP@0.5 value of 37.97 for the single class acne detection task, and 26.50 for the 4-class acne detection task. Moreover, our manual evaluation shows that the single class detection model performs well on the validation set, achieving true positive 93.59 %, precision 96.45 % and recall 94.73 %.Conclusions and RelevanceWe are able to train a high-accuracy acne detection model using only a small publicly available data set of facial acne. Transfer learning on the pre-trained deep learning model yields good accuracy and high degree of transferability to patient submitted photographs. We also note that the training of standard architecture object detection models has given significantly better accuracy than more intricate and bespoke neural network architectures in the existing research literature.Key PointsQuestionCan deep learning-based acne detection models trained on a small data set of publicly available photos of patients with acne achieve high prediction accuracy?FindingsWe find that it is possible to train a reasonably good object detection model on a small, annotated data set of acne photos using standard deep learning architectures.MeaningDeep learning-based object detection models for acne detection can be a useful decision support tools for dermatologists treating acne patients in a digital clinical practice. It can prove a particularly useful tool for monitoring the time evolution of the acne disease state over prolonged time during follow-ups, as the model predictions give a quantifiable and comparable output for photographs over time. This is particularly helpful in teledermatological consultations, as a prediction model can be integrated in the patient-doctor remote communication.