Research progress on effect of laser cladding process on metal surface properties: a review

Abstract Laser cladding has been widely used in surface modification, material repair, and additive manufacturing due to its high precision, high efficiency, and wide application. However, laser cladding technology still has the problems of uneven cladding layer and uneven performance in the preparation process. In addition, various cladding materials and technologies are also complicated, which significantly affects the application of laser cladding technology in industrial production. Focusing on the main steps of cladding layer preparation, the latest research progress in the field of laser cladding preparation process, composite cladding materials, and auxiliary process at home and abroad will be discussed. First, the principle and current research trend of laser cladding technology are introduced, and the influence mechanism of the preparation process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cladding layer is shown. Second, the design principle of composite cladding materials is introduced, and the influence of different composite materials on the properties of the cladding layer is analyzed, including improved wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Finally, the effects of auxiliary processes on the properties of the cladding layer were investigated, including the regulation of ultrasonic vibrations, heat treatment, and electromagnetic field auxiliary processes on the properties of the cladding layer. Through the review and analysis, this paper aims to provide researchers with guidance on optimizing the process system and developing materials in the field of laser cladding and provide a possible prospective for the future development direction of laser cladding technology.