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Analisis Profil ADMET Senyawa Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) secara In Silico
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Abstract. Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, is a medicinal plant recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds with various pharmacological properties. This study aims to evaluate the ADMET profile (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) of its active constituents through in silico analysis to assess their pharmacokinetic feasibility and safety as potential herbal drug candidates. A total of 65 secondary metabolites were retrieved from the KNApSAcK database and evaluated using SwissADME and pkCSM web tools. The assessed parameters included water solubility, lipophilicity, gastrointestinal absorption, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, CYP2C19 inhibition, skin penetration potential, and toxicity aspects such as Ames test, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, oral LD₅₀, LOAEL, and environmental toxicity.The findings revealed that 31 compounds complied with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, 34 demonstrated BBB permeability, and 32 showed high gastrointestinal absorption. Most compounds had a bioavailability score above 0.50, indicating good systemic availability. Only one compound tested positive for mutagenicity (Ames test), and the overall toxicity predictions suggested a favorable safety profile. These results highlight the promising pharmacokinetic and safety characteristics of Nigella sativa bioactive compounds, reinforcing their potential for further development as safe, effective, and evidence-based herbal therapeutic agents.
Abstrak. Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang dikenal luas karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil ADMET (Absorpsi, Distribusi, Metabolisme, Ekskresi, dan Toksisitas) secara in silico terhadap senyawa aktif dalam Nigella sativa, guna mengevaluasi potensi farmakokinetik dan toksikologisnya sebagai kandidat obat herbal. Sebanyak 65 senyawa metabolit sekunder diperoleh dari database KNApSAcK dan dianalisis menggunakan SwissADME serta pkCSM. Parameter yang ditinjau mencakup kelarutan air, lipofilisitas, absorpsi saluran cerna, permeabilitas sawar darah otak (BBB), interaksi dengan enzim CYP2C19, penetrasi kulit, serta profil toksisitas (Ames test, hepatotoksisitas, skin sensitisation, LD₅₀, LOAEL, dan toksisitas lingkungan). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 31 senyawa memenuhi aturan Lipinski, 34 senyawa dapat menembus BBB, dan 32 senyawa memiliki absorpsi gastrointestinal tinggi. Sebagian besar senyawa memiliki bioavailability score >0.50, serta menunjukkan potensi toksisitas yang rendah, di mana hanya satu senyawa positif terhadap uji Ames. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar senyawa Nigella sativa memiliki sifat farmakokinetik yang mendukung dan aman untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat herbal. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk seleksi awal senyawa bioaktif berbasis tumbuhan, khususnya dalam mendukung pengembangan terapi alami yang efektif dan berbasis bukti.
Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba)
Title: Analisis Profil ADMET Senyawa Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) secara In Silico
Description:
Abstract.
Nigella sativa L.
, commonly known as black cumin, is a medicinal plant recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds with various pharmacological properties.
This study aims to evaluate the ADMET profile (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) of its active constituents through in silico analysis to assess their pharmacokinetic feasibility and safety as potential herbal drug candidates.
A total of 65 secondary metabolites were retrieved from the KNApSAcK database and evaluated using SwissADME and pkCSM web tools.
The assessed parameters included water solubility, lipophilicity, gastrointestinal absorption, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, CYP2C19 inhibition, skin penetration potential, and toxicity aspects such as Ames test, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, oral LD₅₀, LOAEL, and environmental toxicity.
The findings revealed that 31 compounds complied with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, 34 demonstrated BBB permeability, and 32 showed high gastrointestinal absorption.
Most compounds had a bioavailability score above 0.
50, indicating good systemic availability.
Only one compound tested positive for mutagenicity (Ames test), and the overall toxicity predictions suggested a favorable safety profile.
These results highlight the promising pharmacokinetic and safety characteristics of Nigella sativa bioactive compounds, reinforcing their potential for further development as safe, effective, and evidence-based herbal therapeutic agents.
Abstrak.
Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.
) merupakan tanaman obat yang dikenal luas karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologis.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil ADMET (Absorpsi, Distribusi, Metabolisme, Ekskresi, dan Toksisitas) secara in silico terhadap senyawa aktif dalam Nigella sativa, guna mengevaluasi potensi farmakokinetik dan toksikologisnya sebagai kandidat obat herbal.
Sebanyak 65 senyawa metabolit sekunder diperoleh dari database KNApSAcK dan dianalisis menggunakan SwissADME serta pkCSM.
Parameter yang ditinjau mencakup kelarutan air, lipofilisitas, absorpsi saluran cerna, permeabilitas sawar darah otak (BBB), interaksi dengan enzim CYP2C19, penetrasi kulit, serta profil toksisitas (Ames test, hepatotoksisitas, skin sensitisation, LD₅₀, LOAEL, dan toksisitas lingkungan).
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 31 senyawa memenuhi aturan Lipinski, 34 senyawa dapat menembus BBB, dan 32 senyawa memiliki absorpsi gastrointestinal tinggi.
Sebagian besar senyawa memiliki bioavailability score >0.
50, serta menunjukkan potensi toksisitas yang rendah, di mana hanya satu senyawa positif terhadap uji Ames.
Data ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar senyawa Nigella sativa memiliki sifat farmakokinetik yang mendukung dan aman untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat herbal.
Penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk seleksi awal senyawa bioaktif berbasis tumbuhan, khususnya dalam mendukung pengembangan terapi alami yang efektif dan berbasis bukti.
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