Potential of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Meniran Plants (Phyllanthus niruri L. ) as Antibacterials that Cause Diarrhea

Abstrak : Tanaman meniran (Phylanthus niruri L.) dimanfaatkan dibeberapa daerah sebagai obat diare. Pada masyarakat didaerah Kelurahan Lubuk Tanjung Kecamatan Lubuklinggau Barat, suku Madura di Kecamatan Lenteng, Guluk-Guluk, dan Bluto diolah dengan cara bagian daunnya ditumbuk dan direbus. Metode riset dimulai dari dilakukannya isolasi bakteri endofit, penapisan isolat bakteri endofit dengan metode uji antagonis, uji biokimia, fermentasi dan ekstraksi metabolit sekunder, skrining fitokimia ekstrak metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit, uji aktivitas antibakteri difusi cakram, dan analisis data. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, disimpulkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit yang didapatkan dari sampel daun tanaman meniran sebanyak 10 isolat bakteri endofit, 3 diantaranya menunjukkan nilai antagonis lebih besar terhadap bakteri uji yaitu Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae yaitu isolat bakteri Na(P)1, Na(P)2, dan Na(P)5. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ketiga isolat tersebut menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri Na(P)1 positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan steroid, isolat bakteri Na(P)2 positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan triterpenoid, serta isolat bakteri Na(P)5 positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, dan steroid. Ekstrak etil asetat isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar terhadap Escherichia coli pada isolat Na(P)5 dan Shigella dysentriae pada isolat NA(P)2.   Abstract : The meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is used in several areas as a diarrhea medicine. In the people of Lubuk Tanjung Village, West Lubuklinggau District, Madurese tribes in Lenteng, Guluk-Guluk and Bluto Districts, it is processed by pounding and boiling the leaves. The research method starts with isolating endophytic bacteria, screening endophytic bacterial isolates using the antagonist test method, biochemical tests, fermentation and extraction of secondary metabolites, phytochemical screening of secondary metabolite extracts of endophytic bacteria, disc diffusion antibacterial activity tests, and data analysis. From the research results obtained, it was concluded that there were 10 endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from samples of meniran plant leaves, 3 of which showed greater antagonistic values ​​against the test bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae, namely Na(P)1, Na bacterial isolates. (P)2, and Na(P)5. The content of secondary metabolite compounds from the three isolates showed that the Na(P)1 bacterial isolate was positive for containing flavonoid, alkaloid and steroid compounds, the Na(P)2 bacterial isolate was positive for containing flavonoid, alkaloid and triterpenoid compounds, and the Na(P) bacterial isolate )5 was positive for containing alkaloid compounds and steroids. Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic bacterial isolates had the greatest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in Na(P)5 isolates and Shigella dysentriae in NA(P)2 isolates.