Hubungan Status Gizi dan Kelengkapan Imunisasi dengan Kajadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita di Puskesmas Minasa UPA Kota Makassar Tahun 2022

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) remains a major health problem in toddlers, with high morbidity rates, especially in developing countries. Nutritional status and immunization completeness are suspected factors contributing to the incidence of ARI. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and the completeness of pentavalent immunization (DPT-HB-Hib) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers at the Minasa Upa Community Health Center in Makassar City in 2022. This study used a quantitative method with an observational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 106 toddlers aged 12–59 months selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from medical records and immunization books and then analyzed using the Chi-square test in SPSS. The results showed that of the 106 respondents, 71 toddlers (67%) experienced ARI. Toddlers with poor nutritional status mostly experienced ARI (90.9%), while those with good nutritional status experienced ARI (50%). Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of ARI (p-value = 0.000; PR = 10.000; 95% CI: 3.192–31.331), meaning that toddlers with poor nutritional status were 10 times more likely to experience ARI than toddlers with good nutritional status. Furthermore, toddlers with incomplete pentavalent immunizations were the most likely to experience ARI (83.7%). There was a significant relationship between immunization completeness and ARI incidence (p-value = 0.002; PR = 4.114; 95% CI: 1.591–10.638), indicating that toddlers with incomplete immunizations were 4.1 times more likely to experience ARI than toddlers with complete immunizations. It was concluded that nutritional status and immunization completeness significantly correlate with the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Efforts to improve nutritional status and complete basic immunization coverage need to be optimized to reduce the incidence of ARI in toddlers.