Identification of predictors for persistence of immediate-type egg allergy in Chinese children

Background Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in childhood with increasing prevalence in Hong Kong. While ample studies were published on its optimal diagnosis, there was limited data on predictors for the natural history of egg allergy in Asian populations. Objective This study aimed to characterize the clinical course and outcome of children with egg allergy and identify its prognostic factors. Methods All Chinese children with immediate-type egg allergy being followed since ≥3 years old in allergy clinic of our university-affiliated teaching hospital were reviewed to determine if they outgrew egg allergy at the latest follow-up. The predictive values of clinical and atopic factors for resolution of egg allergy were analyzed on Kaplan-Meier curves, and factors independently associated with persistent egg allergy was analyzed by logistic regression. Results Seventy-six patients with median (interquartile range) age 8.9 years (6.3-13.0 years) were recruited. They initially presented with egg-allergic reactions at 1.0 years (0.7-1.7 years). Fifty-four children (71%) were able to tolerate egg at a median of 36 months from initial reaction. Patients with concomitant peanut allergy and those with initial reaction at ≥1 year old were more likely to have persistent egg allergy (p = 0.015 and p = 0.027 respectively). Skin prick test wheal ≥6 mm to egg yolk and egg white individually as well as to both egg yolk and egg white were predictors for egg allergy persistence (respective, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001 by log-rank tests). Logistic regression showed that initial SPT ≥ 6 mm to egg yolk was the only independent predictor for persistent egg allergy (B = 2.59 ± 0.98, p = 0.008). Conclusion Most Chinese children with immediate-type egg allergy can tolerate egg in long run. SPT wheal size to egg, concomitant peanut allergy and initial presentation after infancy may predict egg allergy persistence.