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Lack of Genetic Structuring among Tropical Brazilian Wood Stork Populations and Low Genetic Differentiation from North American Populations
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ABSTRACTThe Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) is a wading bird inhabiting subtropical and tropical regions of the American continent. This species is considered endangered in the United States. We compared variability and genetic structuring of nine Brazilian Pantanal subpopulations with an North American population using eight allozyme loci data (MPI, ICD, NSP, EST‐D, LDH, PGM, 6PGD, and PEP‐A) and four microsatellite loci data (WS1, WS2, WS4, and WS6). Average expected heterozygosity of Pantanal population was similar (0.198 ± 0.065) to that expected for the North American population (0.231 ± 0.066). No significant genetic differentiation was found among Pantanal subpopulations (Fst= 0.012) and low differentiation was detected between Pantanal and North American populations (Fst= 0.023). Lack of differentiation among Pantanal subpopulations may have been due to high gene flow level among birds of neighbor breeding colonies and low natal philopatry. We propose that low differentiation between North and South American populations has arisen either because these populations occupied neighboring regions during late glaciation or because there is a continuous gene flow between them, via Central American or northern South American populations.RESUMOO Cabeça‐seca (Mycteria americana) é uma ave aquática habitante das regiões tropicais e subtropicais do continente americano. Essa espécie está ameaçada de extinção nos Estados Unidos. Nós comparamos a variabilidade e a estruturação genética de nove subpopulações brasileiras do Pantanal com as da população norte americana, baseando‐se em dados de oito locos alozímicos (MPI, ICD, NSP, EST‐D, LDH, PGM, 6PGD, e PEP‐A) e em dados de quatro locos de microssatélites (WS1, WS2, WS4, e WS6). A heterozigosidade média esperada para a população do Pantanal (0.198 ± 0.065) foi semelhante á esperada para a população norte americana (0.231 ± 0.066). Não foi encontrada diferenciação genética significativa entre as subpopulaçóes do Pantanal (Fst= 0.012) e baixa diferenciação genética foi detectada entre as populações do Pantanal e a norte americana (.Fst= 0.023). A não diferenciação entre subpopulações do Pantanal pode ser resultante de um alto nível do fluxo génico entre aves de colónias reprodutivas vizinhas e da baixa filopatria natal. Nós propomos que a baixa diferenciação entre as populações norte e sul americanas seja decorrente da ocupaçaTo de regiões vizinhas por essas populações durante a última glaciação ou devido á existéncia de fluxo contínue entre elas, via populações da América Central ou do norte da América do Sul.
Title: Lack of Genetic Structuring among Tropical Brazilian Wood Stork Populations and Low Genetic Differentiation from North American Populations
Description:
ABSTRACTThe Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) is a wading bird inhabiting subtropical and tropical regions of the American continent.
This species is considered endangered in the United States.
We compared variability and genetic structuring of nine Brazilian Pantanal subpopulations with an North American population using eight allozyme loci data (MPI, ICD, NSP, EST‐D, LDH, PGM, 6PGD, and PEP‐A) and four microsatellite loci data (WS1, WS2, WS4, and WS6).
Average expected heterozygosity of Pantanal population was similar (0.
198 ± 0.
065) to that expected for the North American population (0.
231 ± 0.
066).
No significant genetic differentiation was found among Pantanal subpopulations (Fst= 0.
012) and low differentiation was detected between Pantanal and North American populations (Fst= 0.
023).
Lack of differentiation among Pantanal subpopulations may have been due to high gene flow level among birds of neighbor breeding colonies and low natal philopatry.
We propose that low differentiation between North and South American populations has arisen either because these populations occupied neighboring regions during late glaciation or because there is a continuous gene flow between them, via Central American or northern South American populations.
RESUMOO Cabeça‐seca (Mycteria americana) é uma ave aquática habitante das regiões tropicais e subtropicais do continente americano.
Essa espécie está ameaçada de extinção nos Estados Unidos.
Nós comparamos a variabilidade e a estruturação genética de nove subpopulações brasileiras do Pantanal com as da população norte americana, baseando‐se em dados de oito locos alozímicos (MPI, ICD, NSP, EST‐D, LDH, PGM, 6PGD, e PEP‐A) e em dados de quatro locos de microssatélites (WS1, WS2, WS4, e WS6).
A heterozigosidade média esperada para a população do Pantanal (0.
198 ± 0.
065) foi semelhante á esperada para a população norte americana (0.
231 ± 0.
066).
Não foi encontrada diferenciação genética significativa entre as subpopulaçóes do Pantanal (Fst= 0.
012) e baixa diferenciação genética foi detectada entre as populações do Pantanal e a norte americana (.
Fst= 0.
023).
A não diferenciação entre subpopulações do Pantanal pode ser resultante de um alto nível do fluxo génico entre aves de colónias reprodutivas vizinhas e da baixa filopatria natal.
Nós propomos que a baixa diferenciação entre as populações norte e sul americanas seja decorrente da ocupaçaTo de regiões vizinhas por essas populações durante a última glaciação ou devido á existéncia de fluxo contínue entre elas, via populações da América Central ou do norte da América do Sul.
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