Kajian Solution-Based dan Solid-Based Method dalam Pembentukan Cocrystal

Abstract. Pharmaceutical cocrystals are crystalline solids composed of pharmaceutical active ingredients (BAF) and coformers that are connected through non-covalent interactions. The formation of cocrystals is an effective crystal engineering strategy to modify physicochemical properties. This study aims to identify and discuss various methods of cocrystal formation, from scientific articles published in international journals. The search process was conducted on databases such as ScienceDirect, MDPI, PubMed, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and ACS Publications. The results of the review show that the cocrystal formation method is divided into two main categories: solution-based methods (such as solvent evaporation, antisolvent crystallization, cooling crystallization, reaction cocrystallization, and slurry method) and solid-based methods (such as contact cocrystallization, solid-state/neat grinding, liquid-assisted grinding, and melting cocrystallization). The solid-based method is considered more environmentally friendly because it uses minimal solvents, is energy-efficient, and is suitable for solvent-sensitive APIs. Abstrak Kokristal farmasi merupakan padatan kristalin yang tersusun dari bahan aktif farmasi (BAF) dan koformer yang terhubung melalui interaksi non-kovalen. Pembentukan kokristal menjadi strategi rekayasa kristal yang efektif untuk memodifikasi sifat fisikokimia. Kajian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan membahas berbagai metode pembentukan kokristal, dari artikel-artikel ilmiah yang terbit pada jurnal internasional. Proses pencarian dilakukan pada database seperti ScienceDirect, MDPI, PubMed, Springer, Taylor & Francis, dan ACS Publications. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa metode pembentukan kokristal terbagi menjadi dua kategori utama: solution-based method (seperti solvent evaporation, antisolvent crystallization, cooling crystallization, reaction cocrystallization, dan slurry method) dan solid-based method (seperti contact cocrystallization, solid-state/neat grinding, liquid-assisted grinding, dan melting cocrystallization). Solid-based method dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan karena minim penggunaan pelarut, hemat energi, dan cocok untuk API sensitif terhadap pelarut.