Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Oral Suspension and Cream of Ethanol Extract of Lemon Peel (Citrus limon (L.)) Burm.f.

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of lemon peel against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria as well as Healing of excision wounds from suspension and cream preparations of lemon peel ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity of lemon peel ethanol extract was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The lemon peel ethanol extract with the best antibacterial activity was formulated into a cream dosage form with variations in concentrations of F1 (10%), F2 (20%), and F3 (40%). Then, the excision wound healing activity was tested using the oral, topical, and combined routes (suspension and cream of lemon peel ethanol extract). The treatment of excision wound healing activity was carried out for 16 days with observations of the reduction in wound diameter on days 0, 3, 7, 12, and 16. Ethanol extract of lemon peel has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 9.4 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (11.0), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.2 mm) with a concentration of 40%. Lemon peel ethanol extract cream was stable during 12 weeks of storage. Treatment with a combined oral and topical route (suspension and cream of lemon peel ethanol extract) had better wound healing activity for excision compared to oral and topical routes. The results showed that the suspension and cream of lemon peel ethanol extract have the potential to heal excision wounds. HIGHLIGHTS The antibacterial activity of lemon peel ethanol extract cream on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria has the largest inhibition zone diameter compared to the inhibition zone diameters on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Lemon peel ethanol extract cream has storage stability for 12 weeks at low temperature, room temperature, and high temperature Treatment with a combined oral and topical route (suspension and cream of lemon peel ethanol extract) had better wound healing activity for excision compared to oral and topical routes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT